《通读美国宪法,顺带练习英文,每日一条》
第5节

作者: Longridge
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  Section 7 - Revenue Bills, Legislative Process, Presidential Veto
  All bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
  Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.

  Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.

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  第七款 :征税议案, 国会程序, 总统否决权
  有关征税的所有法案应在众议院中提出;但参议院得以处理其它法案的方式,以修正案提出建议或表示同意。
  经众议院和参议院通过的法案,在正式成为法律之前,须呈送合众国总统;总统如批准,便须签署,如不批准,即应连同他的异议把它退还给原来提出该案的议院,该议院应将异议详细记入议事记录,然后进行复议。倘若在复议之后,该议院议员的三分之二仍然同意通过该法案,该院即应将该法案连同异议书送交另一院,由其同样予以复议,若此另一院亦以三分之二的多数通过,该法案即成为法律。但遇有这样的情形时,两院的表决均应以赞同或反对来定,而赞同和反对该法案的议员的姓名,均应由两院分别记载于各该院的议事记录之内。如总统接到法案后十日之内(星期日除外) ,不将之退还,该法案即等于曾由总统签署一样,成为法律,惟有当国会因而无法将该法案退还时,该法案才不得成为法律。

  任何命令、决议或表决(有关休会问题者除外) ,凡须由参议院及众议院予以同意者,均应呈送合众国总统;经其批准之后,方始生效,如总统不予批准,则参众两院可依照对于通过法案所规定的各种组别和限制,各以三分之二的多数,再行通过。

日期:2009-09-14 02:11:50

  Section 8 - Powers of Congress
  The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
  To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
  To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;
  To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;
  To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

  To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;
  To establish Post Offices and Post Roads;
  To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;
  To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;
  To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations;

  To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;
  To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;
  To provide and maintain a Navy;
  To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;
  To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
  To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

  To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; And

  To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
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