《通读美国宪法,顺带练习英文,每日一条》
第6节

作者: Longridge
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  第八款:国会之权力
  国会有权规定并征收税金、捐税、关税和其它赋税,用以偿付国债并为合众国的共同防御和全民福利提供经费; 但是各种捐税、关税和其它赋税,在合众国内应划一征收;
  以合众国的信用举债;
  管理与外国的、州与州间的,以及对印第安部落的贸易;

  制定在合众内一致适用的归化条例,和有关破产的一致适用的法律;
  铸造货币,调节其价值,并厘定外币价值,以及制定度量衡的标准;
  制定对伪造合众国证券和货币的惩罚条例;
  设立邮政局及建造邮路;
  为促进科学和实用技艺的进步,对作家和发明家的著作和发明,在一定期限内给予专利权的保障;
  设置最高法院以下的各级法院;

  界定并惩罚海盗罪、在公海所犯的重罪和违背国际公法的罪行;
  宣战,对民用船只颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动的特许证,制定在陆地和海面虏获战利品的规则;
  募集和维持陆军,但每次拨充该项费用的款项,其有效期不得超过两年;
  配备和保持海军;
  制定有关管理和控制陆海军队的各种条例;

  制定召集民兵的条例,以便执行联邦法律,镇压叛乱和击退侵略;
  规定民兵的组织、装备和训练,以及民兵为合众国服务时的管理辨法,但各州保留其军官任命权,和依照国会规定的条例训练其民团的权力;
  对于由某州让与而由国会承受,用以充当合众国政府所在地的地区(不逾十哩见方),握有对其一切事务的全部立法权;对 于经州议会同意,向州政府购得,用以建筑要塞、弹药库、兵工 厂、船坞和其它必要建筑物的地方,也握有同样的权力;--并且
  为了行使上述各项权力,以及行使本宪法赋予合众国政府或其各部门或其官员的种种权力,制定一切必要的和适当的法律。
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  说明一下:英文版本是标准版。中文版本是俺根据网上的几个中文版本并加以综合而成的,并不是俺一句句翻译的。这点学术诚信还是得要有的。呵呵


日期:2009-09-14 13:45:08

  Section 9 - Limits on Congress
  The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

  The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.
  No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
  (No capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.) (Section in parentheses clarified by the 16th Amendment.)
  No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
  No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.
  No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.

  No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince or foreign State.
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  第九款 :国会(权力)的限制
  对于现有任何一州所认为的应准其移民或入境的人,在一八0八年以前,国会不得加以禁止,但可以对入境者课税,惟以每人不超过十美元为限。
  不得中止人身保护令所保障的特权,惟在叛乱或受到侵犯的情况下,出于公共安全的必要时不在此限。

  不得通过任何褫夺公权的法案或者追溯既往的法律。
  (议会有权不管收入的来源是什么征收个人所得税,不需要对各州分配配额或考虑任何州优先和豁免。本处为1913年宪法第16修正案补充)
  除非按本宪法所规定的人口调查或统计之比例,不得征收任何人口税或其它直接税。
  对各州输出之货物,不得课税。
  任何有关商务或纳税的条例,均不得赋予某一州的港口以优惠待遇;亦不得强迫任何开往或来自某一州的船只,驶入或驶出 另一州,或向另一州纳税。
  除了依照法律的规定拨款之外,不得自国库中提出任何款项;一切公款收支的报告和帐目,应经常公布。
  合众国不得颁发任何贵族爵位:凡是在合众国政府担任有俸给或有责任之职务者,未经国会许可,不得接受任何国王、王子 或外国的任何礼物、薪酬、职务或爵位。

日期:2009-09-15 00:50:52

  Section 10 - Powers prohibited of States
  No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

  No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it’s inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.

  No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.

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  第十款:各州权力的禁止
  各州不得缔结任何条约、结盟或组织邦联;不得对民用船只颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动之特许证;不得铸造货币;不得发行纸币;不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的法定货币;不得通过任何褫夺公权的法案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律;也不得颁发任何贵族爵位。
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